非谓语动词高考考点

篇1:非谓语动词高考考点
考点1:不定式被动式to be done作定语,表将来发生;且不定式动词与逻辑主语是被动关系。
不定式被动态作定语,即表未来发生的事情,又表被动。
【·北京】28. There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
A.solving B. solved C. being solved D.to be solved
分析:答案是D。不定式被动式作定语。根据题干信息是“要去解决的问题”。且由于problem和solve之间是被动关系,所以选D。
There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
在我们准备在月球上长期停留之前,还有许多问题需要解决。
考点2:有两类含不定式的特殊句型,用主动表被动。
分别是: (1) have sth. to do (2) there be +n.+ to do
【·天津】10. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ______.
1. catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught
分析:答案C。考察have sth to do(有某事要做)。事情是被做的,此句型用不定式作后置定语,不用被动态,而是用主动表被动。
I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch.
开会期间我一直在看时钟,因为我要赶火车。
【·上海】33. If there's a lot of work______. I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished.
A.to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing
分析:答案A。考察there be +n.+ to do 。事情是被做的,此句型用不定式作后置定语,不用被动态,而是用主动表被动。
If there's a lot of work to do, I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished.
如果有很多工作要做,我很乐意继续做,直到完成。
在"there be +主语 +不定式"的结构中,当不定式与主语之间在逻辑上有动宾关系时,不定式可以用主动式也可以用被动式,只是侧重点不同。
用主动式作定语重点在人,用被动式作定语重点在物,但在口语中多用主动式表被动的含义。
比如:There is a lot of work to finish. 强调我们要去完成工作,强调我们。
比如:There is a lot of work to be finished. 强调有很多任务,强调这个量大,不强调谁去做。
比如:There is no time to lose. 强调我们不能再浪费时间了,强调我们。
比如:There is no time to be lost. 强调不能再浪费时间了,强调时间宝贵。
考点3:不定式放在不定代词后做定语。
【·四川】 She was a very careful mother. For 25 days , she never left her baby, not even to find something ___64__ (eat).
分析:to eat。句意:甚至不去找吃的东西。something to eat。
动词不定式放在不定代词后面作后置定语,当不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时,动词不定式作定语时往往用主动式。
She was a very careful mother. For 25 days , she never left her baby, not even to find something to eat.
她是个非常细心的母亲。25天来,她从未离开过她的孩子,甚至不去找吃的东西。
考点4:在一些抽象名词后,常用不定式作定语。
抽象名词包括change, time, way, reason, ability, courage, opportunity, wish,warning等。
【·北京】Volunteering gives you a chance ____ (change) lives, including your own.
A.change B. changing C.Changed D.to change
Volunteering gives you a chance to change lives, including your own.
志愿服务让你有机会改变生活,包括你自己的生活。
考点5:现在分词作前置定语。
现在分词一般放在名词前做前置定语,现在分词短语一般放在名词后做后置定语。高考中,近年仅出现过一次对前置定语的考查,就是如下本题。其余情况都是对后置定语的考查。
【·全国1】While there are __68__ (amaze) stories of instant transformation,for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be patient.
分析:答案是amazing。放在 stories前面作定语,表示情感心理。
While there are amazing stories of instant transformation,for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be patient.
虽然有令人惊叹的瞬间转变的故事,但对我们大多数人来说,这些变化是渐进的,需要付出很多努力和工作,就像清理一条被污染的河流一样。请保持耐心。
考点6:现在分词短语作后置定语。
【·全国1】Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people_70__(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
分析:现在分词短语作后置定语,表正在发生。live和people之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。
Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
香港旅游公司Abercrombie&Kent表示,他们定期为居住在上海和香港的人安排快速度假。
考点7:过去分词短语作后置定语。
本考点是非谓语动词作定语中考查最多的考点,用过去分词作定语,表被动或完成。
【·全国1】I was the first Western TV reporter ___66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild。
分析:答案 permitted。过去分词短语作后置定语。reporter 和permit之间是被动关系。
I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild。
我是第一个被允许拍摄特殊机构照顾从野外饥饿中获救的大熊猫的西方电视记者。
以上是近些年非谓语动词作定语的考点一个全面总结,希望大家看完后会对考点有个整体的认识
篇2:非谓语动词高考考点
有人说,非谓语题在高考英语试卷中,少则一题,多则两三题,没几分,不必太在意。其实不然,非谓语作为一种基本的语法现象是可以出现在任何题目中的,涉及单选、完型、阅读、改错等各类题型,即使是在作文中,如果通篇都不出现一个非谓语,恐怕分数也不会太高。
可以说,非谓语在整张考卷中都以各种可察觉或不可察觉的方式考查着我们。因此,千万不要以分值小为由而忽略非谓语的重要性。
关于非谓语的语法详讲,同学们在课堂上已基本掌握,下文主要以高考真题为例,以非谓语题的答题技巧为主要内容,来梳理一下这个知识点,帮助同学们在高考英语中准确解答,稳拿高分。
非谓语知识点概述
非谓语形式就是动词的变形,即由动词变化而来,但不能做谓语,而是承担其他语法功能。主要有三种形式:不定式,分词(现在分词、过去分词),动名词。详见下表:
以上形式又各有不同的变化形式,如:
大体用法如下:
非谓语动词的否定形式:
在非谓语动词前加not。
非谓语动词的复合结构:
①for sb.to do sth.(sb.是to do的逻辑主语)
②one's doing(one是doing的逻辑主语)
例如:
For Tom to learn a foreign language is too difficult.
相当于It is too difficult for Tom to learn a foreign language.
句意:对汤姆来说学习一门外语太难了。(Tom 是to learn a foreign language的逻辑主语。)
例如:Do you mind Tom's smoking?
句意:你介意汤姆吸烟吗?(Tom是smoking的逻辑主语。)
非谓语题答题技巧
01
确定是否需要非谓语。句中已经有谓语动词,再出现动词表示动作时,须用非谓语形式,如果是并列谓语要有and或“,”链接。
02
分析是不是固定短语。如果是,按照固定短语分析。
03
分析出非谓语的逻辑主语,主要有以下集几种情况:
①非谓语做定语时,非谓语的逻辑主语是非谓语所修饰的词。
例如:I like the teacher teaching English.
(译:我喜欢教英语的那个老师。)
句中非谓语做定语,修饰the teacher,the teacher是非谓语teaching的逻辑主语,非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。
②非谓语做状语时,非谓语的逻辑主语是主句的主语。
例如:Watching TV,she was moved.
(译:看电视时,她被感动了。)
句中非谓语做状语,非谓语的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,she是非谓语watching TV的逻辑主语,非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。
③非谓语做宾语补足语时,非谓语的逻辑主语是该句的宾语。
例如:His boss wanted Li Lei to finish the work.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语
(译:李雷的老板让他完成工作。)
句中非谓语to finish做宾语him的补足语,him 是to finish的逻辑主语,非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。
04
确定非谓语的逻辑主语后,分析非谓语与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。
05
分析非谓语表示的动作与主句谓语动作发生的时间关系,分析非谓语表示的动作是发生在谓语动词的同时、之前还是之后。
非谓语真题练习
【】
八省联考
1.Like many other students, you may have various people, 56 (include) family members and friends, giving input on your college.
浙江卷
1. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 62 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
2.This may be due to some disadvantages for people 64 (live) in the countryside, including lower (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【】
全国卷 I
1. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang'e-4 66 (find) and study areas of theSouth Pole-Aitken basin.
2. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
3. My mom told me how to preparing it.
全国卷 Ⅱ
1. They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
2. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes andmessages of good fortune.
3. They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.
全国卷 III
1. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter.
2. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.
山东卷
1. As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time inhistory or 43 (walk) through a rainforest.
浙江卷
1. Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60 (change)lives.
2. Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season),planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 63 (make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
江苏卷
1. Technological innovations, ____ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
A. combined with B. combining with
C. having combined with D. to be combined with
▲
全国卷 I
1. Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consist
篇3:非谓语动词高考考点
一、考查不定式、现在分词与过去分词的基本区别
从时间关系上看,不定式表未来,现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成,同时注意不定式和现在分词的完成式也表完成(尤其是表示有明显的先后关系的完成);从主动与被动来看,不定式和现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动,同时注意不定式和现在分词的被动式也表被动(不定式的被动式在表被动的同时还兼表未来,现在分词的被动式在表被动的同时还兼表进行)。如:
1. I send you 100 dollars today,the rest ____ in a year. (湖南卷)
A. follows B. followed
C. to follow D. being followed
分析:答案选C。动词不定式表示未来的动作。
2. ____ from other continents for millions of years,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. (湖北卷)
A. Being separated
B. Having separated
C. Having been separated
D. To be separated
分析:答案选 C。因为 Australia 与 separate 是被动关系,且 separate 发生在谓语动词has之前,所以用现在分词的完成被动式作原因状语。
二、考查非谓语动词的主动式与被动式
结合句子意思,考查非谓语动词与相应逻辑主语的关系,若为主动关系,用主动式;若为被动关系,用被动式。此时要特别注意,过去分词没有相应的被动式,因为它本身可以表示被动。如:
1. The repairs cost a lot,but it’s money well ___. (湖北卷)
A. to spend B. spent
C. being spent D. spending
分析:答案选 B。因 money 与 spend 是被动关系,所以用过去分词。
2. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses ____ vacation to China.(北京卷)
A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid
分析:答案选 B。因 all expenses 与 pay 是被动关系,故用过去分词。注意句中的 an 不是修饰 expenses,而是修饰 vacation。
3. When ____ help,one often says,“Thank you.” Or “It’s kind of you.” (福建卷)
A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered
分析:答案选D。因一个人说“谢谢”,应当是他“被”提供了帮助,所以要用过去分词,When offered help... 可视为When he is offered help...之省略。
三、考查非谓语动词完成式的用法
非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和现在分词)的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作。做题时要注意根据题干所提供的语境来推断这种先后关系。如:
1. The storm left,____ a lot of damage to this area. (全国卷Ⅰ)
A. caused B. to have caused
C. to cause D. having caused
分析:答案选 D。因 The storm 与 cause 是主动关系,排除选项A;不定式作状语,前面通常不用逗号,排除 B 和 C;因暴风雨给这个地区“造成损失”是在“结束”之前,所以用完成式。
2. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays,____advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. (上海卷)
A. taking B. taken
C. having taken D. having been taken
分析:答案选 A。因 people 与 take advantage of 是主动关系,排除选项 B 和 D;take不会发生在谓语 are signing up 之前,不用完成式,排除 C。
四、考查非谓语动词用作伴随状语
在通常情况下,表伴随情况的应用现在分词。如:
1. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted,____ away. (全国卷Ⅲ)
A. run B. running
C. to run D. ran
分析:答案选 B。现在分词作伴随状语。
2. He glanced over at her,____ that though she was tiny;she seemed very well put together. (广东卷)
A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted
分析:答案选 A。因为 he 与 note 是主谓关系,且 note 与谓语动词 glanced 的动作同时发生,所以用现在分词的一般式作伴随状语。
3. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing,as long as we were together,____ fun. (重庆卷)
A. had B. have C. to have D. having
分析:答案选 D。用现在分词表伴随情况。
说明:有时过去分词也可表伴随(注意过去分词同时还表被动关系),但高考很少考查此用法。如:
He came in,followed by his wife. 他走了进来,后面跟着他的妻子。
五、考查非谓语动词用作目的状语
在通常情况下,用作目的状语只能是不定式。如:
1.“Can the project be finished as planned?” “Sure,____ it completed in time,we’ll work two more hours a day.”(福建卷)
A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get
分析:答案选B。作目的状语只能用动词不定式。
2. ____ more about university courses,call (920) 746-3789. (浙江卷)
A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out
分析:答案选 A。作目的状语要用动词不定式。
3. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____ a look at the sports stars. (上海卷)
A. had B. having C. to have D. have
分析:答案选 C。“看看体育明星”是“在体育馆外等三个小时”的目的,作目的状语只能用动词不定式。
六、考查非谓语动词用作结果状语
1. 用现在分词表结果。如:
He fired,killing one of the passers-by. 他开枪了,打死了一个过路人。
Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,____ a record US $ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. (山东卷)
A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching
分析:答案选 B。伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果,用现在分词作结果状语。
2. 用不定式表结果。如:
He returned home to find his wife waiting for him. 他回到家发现他的妻子在等他。
He hurried to the station only ____ that the train had left. (广东卷)
A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found
分析:答案选 A。only后接不定式表结果时通常指一种意想不到的结果,常译为“结果却,不料”。
七、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语
原则上说,所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语,其区别是:不定式表未来,现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成和被动。如:
1. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ____. (北京卷)
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
分析:答案选 A。作 with 的宾语补足语要用非谓语动词,排除选项 B 和 C;与谓语动作同时发生用现在分词作宾语补足语,排除表示将来的不定式选项 D。
2. You should understand the traffic rule by now.You’ve had it ____ often enough.(天津卷)
A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
分析:答案选 D。宾语 it 与 explain 是被动关系,用过去分词作宾补。
八、考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题
按照英语习惯,非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与句子一致,否则就应调整句子结构。如:
While watching television,____. (全国卷Ⅲ)
A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings
分析:答案选 C。因为 watching 的逻辑主语一定是 we,排除选项 A 和 B;又因在hear 后作宾语补足语的是省略了 to 的不定式,所以选项D中的 rings 是错误的。
九、考查非谓语动词用作主语的问题
原则上说,动词用作主语,只能是不定式或动名词,不能是分词形式。这类考题还往往用动词原形作为干扰项进行考查,同学们做题需引起注意。如:
It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ____ the answers ready will be of great help. (北京卷)
A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having
分析:答案选 D。动名词的一般式用作主语。
十、考查“(be +)过去分词+介词”结构
有一类“be+过去分词+介词”结构,如 be interested in,be worried about,be lost in,be dressed in 等,也往往是命题的热点。如:
1. ____ in the mountains for a week,the two students were finally saved by the local police. (江苏卷)
A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing
分析:答案选 B。因表示“迷路于”是lose oneself in,题中没有 oneself,所以 the two students 与 lose 是被动关系,应该用过去分词作状语。
2. ____ in a white uniform,he looks more like a cook than a doctor. (湖南卷)
A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed
分析:答案选 A。由 dress 的宾语一定是人或 oneself 可知,dress 与 he 是动宾关系,即 he 与 dress 是被动关系,要用过去分词作状语,Dressed in...=As he is dressed in...
十一、非谓语动词的综合考查
有时命题者会将多个知识点综合起来进行考查,如在考查被动式的同时兼考完成式,在考查不定式的同时兼考分词,等等。如:
1. I don’t want ____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody,but the manager’s plan is unfair.(天津卷)
A. to sound B. to be sounded
C. sounding D. to have sounded
分析:答案选 A。表示“想要做某事”want 后只能接 to do,排除选项 C;sound like 中 sound 是系动词,属不及物动词,不能用于被动语态,排除选项 B;sound 发生在 want 后,故不用完成式,排除选项 D。
2. “Is Bob still performing?” “I’m afraid not. He is said ____ the stage already as he has become an official.” (江苏卷)
A. to have left B. to leave
C. to have been left D. to be left
分析:答案选 A。因 he 与 leave 是主动关系,不用被动式,排除选项 C 和 D;由 already 可知,要用完成式。
篇4:非谓语动词高考考点
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)三种形式。非谓语动词既是高中英语学习的重点和难点,又是每年高考英语考查的热点。非谓语动词在句中不能作谓语,无人称和数的变化,但仍然具有动词的特征,如有时态和语态的变化,其后可接宾语和状语。就非谓语动词而言,高考侧重考查其基本用法、句法功能和非谓语动词所表达的含义等。下面,笔者结合近几年高考英语试题对非谓语动词的常见考点进行分析、探究,以期对考生有所帮助。
考点一、考查动名词与动词不定式作主语
动名词做主语表示抽象的、经常性的动作;而动词不定式作主语则表示具体的、某一次的动作,且常用it 充当形式主语,而将动词不定式(短语)后置。
【典例1】(全国甲卷语法填空) It is possible 43 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【解析】考查动词不定式作主语。句意:可以步行或骑自行车走14公里。分析句子可知,此处考查句型“It + be + adj. + to do sth.”,it作形式主语,动词不定式作真正主语。故答案填to walk。
【典例2】(全国III卷语法填空) On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take 62 (get) there.
【解析】考查动词不定式作主语。分析句子结构,在“It takes some time to do sth.”句型中,it 作形式主语,动词不定式作真正主语。故此处应填to get。
【典例3】(北京卷单项填空改编) ______ (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
【解析】考查动名词作主语。句意:沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。此题考查动名词在句首作主语。故答案填Travelling或Traveling。
考点二、考查动名词和动词不定式作宾语
动名词既可做动词宾语,也可做介词的宾语,而不定式只能做动词宾语。有些动词只能接动名词做宾语,而有的只能接不定式做宾语,有的既可接动名词又可接不定式做宾语,但意义不同。
【典例1】(全国甲卷语法填空) After 44 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
【解析】考查动名词作宾语。句意:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后,我们决定是时候采取一些行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知,此处After为介词,故spend应用动名词形式作介词宾语。故答案填spending。
【典例2】(全国甲卷短文改错) Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others.
【解析】考查动名词作宾语。句意:他们的答案也表明他们不喜欢和其他人说。固定短语dislike doing sth. 意为“不喜欢做某事”,doing为动名词作宾语。故talk应改为talking。
【典例3】(全国乙卷语法填空 ) Minimize the impact of 67 (visit) the place.
【解析】考查动名词作宾语。句意:最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知,空格处应填动名词形式作介词of的宾语。故答案填visiting。
【典例4】(全国I卷短文改错) My mom told me how to preparing it.
【解析】考查动词不定式(短语)作宾语。句意:我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知,“how+to do”作told的宾语,to是不定式符号,后接动词原形。故preparing应改为prepare。
考点三、考查非谓语动词作表语
动词不定式作表语表示按计划或趋势将要发生的动作。动名词作表语表示主语的内容,有时可与主语互换。分词作表语表示主语的特征;现在分词作表语表示主动和进行,过去分词作表语表示被动和完成。
【典例1】(全国III卷短文改错) Now my dream is to opens a pen cafe.
【解析】考查动词不定式作表语。动词不定式作表语,to后应用动词原形。故opens应改为open。
【典例2】(全国III卷语法填空) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel 65 (challenge).
【解析】考查过去分词作表语。根据语境可知,此处表示不直视他的眼睛,他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词,表示“被挑战”,应用过去分词作表语。故答案填challenged。
考点四、考查非谓语动词作定语
动名词作定语表示被修饰词的用途。分词作定语,表示被修饰词的特征,单个分词作前置定语,分词短语作定语应放在所修饰词之后;现在分词作定语与被修饰词之间是主谓关系,表示主动和进行;过去分词作定语与被修饰词之间是动宾关系,表示被动和完成。动词不定式作定语表示将来的动作,与其所修饰的词之间可能是主谓或动宾关系。
【典例1】(全国I卷短文改错) I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook.
【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意:我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋,当然我以为这道菜做起来很容易。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系,所以此处应用过去分词作定语。故frying应改为fried。
【典例2】(全国II卷语法填空) They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
【解析】考查现在分词作定语。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent,此处应用现在分词作后置定语,表示名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系。故答案填coming。
【典例3】(全国II卷语法填空) Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans 65 (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。此处用to do sth. 作后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“…… 的计划”。故答案填to retire。
【典例4】(全国II卷语法填空) When we got a call 68 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
【解析】考查现在分词作定语。前面已有谓语动词call,此处应用非谓语动词形式;根据动词say与其逻辑主语call之间为主动关系,故需用现在分词作后置定语。故答案填saying。
考点五、考查动词不定式和分词作状语
动词不定式做状语,表示原因、目的或结果;有时,为了强调目的,可与in order to或so as to 连用。分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随或方式;当分词与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系时,用现在分词,反之,用过去分词。
【典例1】(新高考全国II卷语法填空 ) I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 37 (think) it is food.
【解析】考查现在分词作状语。句意:当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾,以为那是食物时,我很难过。分析句子结构,此处应用现在分词作状语,表示该动作与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系。故答案填thinking。
【典例2】(新高考全国II卷语法填空 ) I decided to do something 38 (educate) people about this problem.
【解析】考查动词不定式作状语。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故答案填to educate。
【典例3】(江苏卷单项填空改编) Technological innovations, ______ (combine) with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合,将促进这些产品的销售。短语be combined with意为“与 …… 结合/联合”,此句中省略be动词,应用过去分词做状语。故答案填combined。
【典例4】(全国I卷短文改错) All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.
【解析】考查现在分词作状语。句意:操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼,说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered,say在这里作伴随状语,与主语players是主动关系。故say应改为saying。
考点六、考查动词不定式和分词做宾语补足语
动词不定式作宾语补足语表示动作的全过程,强调动作已经完成。现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动和进行,强调动作的一部分;过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动和完成。
【典例1】(全国II卷语法填空) They make great gifts and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
【解析】考查过去分词作宾补。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故答案填decorated。
【典例2】(全国III卷语法填空) And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
【解析】考查现在分词作宾补。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕的时候,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构,此处应用现在分词作宾语补足语,表示该动词与其逻辑主语clouds之间为主动关系。故答案填surrounding。
总之,只要考生精确地把握以上几种非谓语动词的高频考点,认真分析,透彻理解,并运用有效的解题方法和技巧,就一定能在高考中运筹帷幄,游刃有余。